Consistent and correct use of condoms reduces the estimated odds of three common sexually transmitted infections (Chlamydia, Gonorrhea and Trichomonas vaginalis) by almost 60%. Crosby RA, Sexually Transmitted Infections 2012;88:484
Errors occur in 15 % of all events that involved condom use. Errors are: (1) not using a new condom, (2) allowing condoms to contact sharp objects, (3) not using condoms from start to finish of sex, (4) condoms drying out, (5) erection loss during condom use, (6) breakage, (7) slippage during sex, and (8) slippage after sex. Crosby R, Sexually Transmitted Diseases 2012, Advance online
Why do condoms break? Predictors of condom breakage included being paid sex, the condom being too small for the penis, too big for the penis and rough sex. Sexually Transmitted Infections Apr 2012; 88:163
HIV-positive women with bacterial vaginosis are three times more likely to pass HIV on to male sexual partners. C Cohen, PLoS Medicine June 26, 2012
Condom use decreased HIV-1 infectivity by 78%. Journal of Infectious Diseases February 1, 2012; 205 (3)
Herpes simples 2 positivity in an HIV-1 uninfected person is associated with two fold increased risk of acquiring HIV-1. Journal of Infectious Diseases February 1, 2012; 205 (3)
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection doubles the risk of HIV acquisition for women: Meta-analysis. Houlihan CF (2012) AIDS 26: online edition
Benefits of Cervical HPV Detection: Compared with cytology alone, performing human papillomavirus DNA testing plus cytology led to fewer high-grade cervical lesions 5 years later. The lower rates of cancer at 5 years reflected more-frequent detection and subsequent treatment of cervical abnormalities in this group at baseline screening. POBASCAM trial, Lancet Oncology 2012 Jan; 13:78
Patients infected with oral HPV type 16 have a fourteen times greater risk of developing HPV related head and neck cancer. Head and Neck Cancer Symposium; January 26, 2012 Arizona Biltmore, Phoenix, USA
Estimated sexual transmission rate of HPV is 20% during a 6-month period. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2011 Dec 1; 204:1723
Suppressive treatment used in herpes simplex 2 infection reduces, but not eliminates the risk of sexual transmission of the disease. Valacyclovir and Acyclovir reduce the risk of transmission by 48 percent. The Lancet, Online Publication, 5 January 2012
Incidence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in young adults per 100 person-years: 9 for HSV-1 and 6.2 for HSV-2. Sexually Transmitted Diseases December 2012; 39 (12)
Patients with herpes simplex virus type 2 shed virus in genital secretions with associated risk of transmission of infection. Asymptomatic patients shed virus on 10% of days. Rates of viral shedding are twice as high among who are symptomatic. The number of virus copies shed is similar in both groups. Journal of the American Medical Association April 2011; 305(14):144
Cervical cancer risk was 75 times higher in women with persistent carcinogenic HPV infections than in those who were HPV-negative. Persistent infection was defined as two positive tests 2 years apart. Journal of National Cancer Institute 2011 Sep 21;103(18):1387
Human papillomavirus, especially HPV 16 is a common cause of oro-pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The increased incidence of oro-pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma may be due to a new, primarily sexually transmitted HPV epidemic. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2010 Nov
HIV-1 viral load in the blood of an HIV-infected partner is the single most important factor influencing risk of sexual transmission to an uninfected partner. Journal of Infectious Diseases February 1, 2012 205 (3)
There were 2.7 million new HIV infections in 2010. This was 15% less than in 2001, and 21% below the number of new infections at the peak of the epidemic in 1997.UNAIDS World AIDS Day Report 2011
