Estimated sexual transmission rate of HPV is 20% during a 6-month period. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2011 Dec 1; 204:1723
Suppressive treatment used in herpes simplex 2 infection reduces, but not eliminates the risk of sexual transmission of the disease. Valacyclovir and Acyclovir reduce the risk of transmission by 48 percent. The Lancet, Online Publication, 5 January 2012
Herpes Vaccine Trial: Investigational vaccine showed 58% efficacy against HSV-1 genital disease. However, no efficacy against HSV-2 infection was observed. New England Journal of Medicine January 2012; 366:33
Incidence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in young adults per 100 person-years: 9 for HSV-1 and 6.2 for HSV-2. Sexually Transmitted Diseases December 2012; 39 (12)
While 70 % of the population is infected with herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1, frequent outbreaks of cold sore occur only in a minority. A gene called C21orf91 on chromosome 21 may be responsible for cold sore susceptibility. Journal of Infectious Diseases (2011) 204 (11): 1654
Patients with herpes simplex virus type 2 shed virus in genital secretions with associated risk of transmission of infection. Asymptomatic patients shed virus on 10% of days. Rates of viral shedding are twice as high among who are symptomatic. The number of virus copies shed is similar in both groups. Journal of the American Medical Association April 2011; 305(14):144
Male circumcision reduces the incidence human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. Also, circumcision increases the clearance of HPV infection. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010; 201:1455
Male circumcision offers protection against HPV infection. However, the beneficial effect is restricted to the areas covered by the foreskin. Meta-analysis, Albero et al, Sexually Transmitted Diseases February 2012;39(2) (advance online)
HPV vaccines (Gardsil and Cervaix) have no therapeutic effect against existing HPV infections. But, they may offer protection against vulvar and vaginal cancer, anal cancer, and possibly oro-pharyngeal cancer. The Lancet Oncology, Early Online Publication, 9 November 2011
Cervical cancer risk was 75 times higher in women with persistent carcinogenic HPV infections than in those who were HPV-negative. Persistent infection was defined as two positive tests 2 years apart. Journal of National Cancer Institute 2011 Sep 21;103(18):1387
Human papillomavirus, especially HPV 16 is a common cause of oro-pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The increased incidence of oro-pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma may be due to a new, primarily sexually transmitted HPV epidemic. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2010 Nov
HIV-1 viral load in the blood of an HIV-infected partner is the single most important factor influencing risk of sexual transmission to an uninfected partner. Journal of Infectious Diseases February 1, 2012 205 (3)
There were 2.7 million new HIV infections in 2010. This was 15% less than in 2001, and 21% below the number of new infections at the peak of the epidemic in 1997.UNAIDS World AIDS Day Report 2011
Gonorrhea infection of the pharynx and rectum is usually asymptomatic, but these areas can be reservoirs of infection that can be transmitted during oral or anal sex. The bacterial loads were significantly higher in rectal infections, compared with pharyngeal. The International Society for Sexually Transmitted Diseases Research 19th meeting; July 10, 2011; Québec City, Canada